The mineral proportion of calculus ranges from approximately 40–60%, depending on its location in the dentition, and consists primarily of calcium phosphate crystals organized into four principal mineral phases, listed here in order of decreasing ratio of phosphate to calcium: Calculus composition Ĭalculus is composed of both inorganic (mineral) and organic (cellular and extracellular matrix) components. This came to be a term used for calcium phosphate on teeth in the early 19th century. potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar). Tartar, on the other hand, originates in Greek as well ( tartaron), but as the term for the white encrustation inside casks (a.k.a. This spun off many modern words, including "calculate" (use stones for mathematical purposes), and "calculus", which came to be used, in the 18th century, for accidental or incidental mineral buildups in human and animal bodies, like kidney stones and minerals on teeth. Calculus was a term used for various kinds of stones. The word comes from Latin calculus "small stone", from calx "limestone, lime", probably related to Greek χάλιξ chalix "small stone, pebble, rubble", which many trace to a Proto-Indo-European root for "split, break up". Calculus buildup can be removed with ultrasonic tools or dental hand instruments (such as a periodontal scaler). Brushing and flossing can remove plaque from which calculus forms however, once formed, calculus is too hard (firmly attached) to be removed with a toothbrush. Calculus can form both along the gumline, where it is referred to as supragingival ("above the gum"), and within the narrow sulcus that exists between the teeth and the gingiva, where it is referred to as subgingival ("below the gum").Ĭalculus formation is associated with a number of clinical manifestations, including bad breath, receding gums and chronically inflamed gingiva. This leads to calculus buildup, which compromises the health of the gingiva (gums). This process of precipitation kills the bacterial cells within dental plaque, but the rough and hardened surface that is formed provides an ideal surface for further plaque formation. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in plaque on the teeth.
In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. Heavy staining and calculus deposits exhibited on the lingual surface of the mandibular anterior teeth, along the gumline Calculus deposit (indicated with a red arrow) on x-ray image For other uses, see Calculus (disambiguation). Not every mouthwash has it, including some with well-known names.This article is about the dental problem. It means that it’s been tested for effectiveness. Check the mouthwash label for the ADA Seal of Acceptance.
Buying larger bottles or in bulk can sometimes reduce the price per ounce, making the mouthwash cheaper in the long run. Take a look at the price and the number of fluid ounces each bottle of mouthwash contains.
Other conditions, such as plaque buildup, receding gums, and gingivitis can be addressed by choosing mouthwashes containing fluoride, or those with other active ingredients that fight bacteria. If you’re taking medications or have a condition that produces dry mouth as a side effect, using a mouthwash designed to provide oral comfort for many hours at a time may be your best bet. If your main concern is bad breath, using a cosmetic mouthwash on the go during the day may be sufficient for increasing your confidence during that important afternoon meeting. When choosing a mouthwash, the first thing to consider is your personal oral health goals. They’re available over-the-counter and by prescription. Therapeutic mouthwashes include ingredients designed to provide long-lasting bacterial reduction and can be used for conditions such as receding gums, gingivitis, dry mouth, and plaque buildup. There are two types of mouthwashes: cosmetic and therapeutic.Ĭosmetic mouthwashes control bad breath temporarily and are meant to leave a pleasant taste in your mouth.
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